Periodical Vocabulary
Periodic Trends, Quantum Mechanics, Atomic Theory, Ionic & Covalent Bonding
- Group - vertical columns in the Periodic Table
- Periods - horizontal rows in the Periodic Table
- Element - substance that cannot be broken down any father, necessary components of matter
- Compound - a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; a mixture
- Atomic Number - the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
- Atomic Mass - The average mass of an atom of an element, usually expressed in atomic mass units
- Atom - An atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical properties of the element
- Ion - electrically charged atom formed by the loss or gain of an electron
- Valence Electron - an electron that is associated with an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond
- Metal - a solid material that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and ductile, with good electrical and thermal conductivity, left groups on the Periodic table
- Nonmetal - an element or substance that is not a metal, right side of the periodic table
- Metalloids - an element that shares some properties of a metal and some of a solid non metal, border on the Periodic table
- Noble Gas - any of the gaseous elements helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, were believed to be totally unreactive but compounds of xenon, krypton, and radon are now known
- Alkali Metal - very reactive metals that are on the very left of the Periodic table
- Alkaline Earth Metals - metallic elements found in the second group of the periodic table, have an oxidation number of +2, making them very reactive. Because of their reactivity, the alkaline metals are not found free in nature.
- Halogen - five non-metallic elements, "halogen" means "salt-former" and the halogens exist, at room temperature, in all three states of matter: solid: iodine,astatine, liquid: bromine gas: fluoride & chlorine
- Cation - positively charged ion
- Anion - a negatively charged ion
- Electron Affinity - as the change in energy (in kJ/mole) of a neutral atom (in the gaseous phase) when an electron is added to the atom to form a negative ion
- Electronegativity (explain the trend) - electronegativity increases as you move right across and up the Periodic Table
- Ionization Energy (explain the trend) - ionization energy increases as you move right across and up the chart
- Atomic Radii (explain the trend) - atomic radii increases as you move down and to the left
- Density - mass of a unit volume of a material substance. It is calculated by dividing an object's mass by its volume.
- Melting Point - the temperature at which the solid with melt
- Reactivity - the tendency of a substance to undergo chemical reaction, either by itself or with other materials, and to release energy